加权模糊C均值聚类算法实现BDS三频组合观测值优选

在对BDS三频载波相位组合观测值进行误差分析的基础上，确定了优选载波相位线性组合系数的筛选标准。针对传统聚类算法在高维多频混合数据集分类中存在的不足，采用一种基于加权的模糊C均值聚类算法，通过对同一维度在不同簇上赋予不同的权重值，对传统遍历搜索法所获得的部分BDS三频载波相位组合观测值进行了优化分类选取，有效解决了传统全球导航卫星系统载波相位观测值选取方法效率低的问题，同时为多系统多频数据组合观测值系数的优化选取提供了一种新的思路。对分类结果进行分析，确定了各类组合观测量的适用范围，并结合实测数据，利用无几何层叠模糊度解算方法对优选组合进行了整周模糊度的解算，结果验证了该方法的可行性。     

Reconsidering the Legal Equality of Combatants

ABSTRACT

The legal equality of combatants (LEC) is a fixture of international law and just war theory. Both scholars who embrace and those who reject the moral equality of combatants seem committed to the legal equality of combatants. Their reasons usually include pragmatic worries about unjust combatants committing even more harm if they were to be simply prohibited from fighting. In this article I argue that this sweeping commitment to the legal equality of combatants is mistaken and that it is often grounded in a misunderstanding of the way international law governs behavior.     

The evaluation of a possible future Sino-Japanese armed conflict through the application of the ACEI-model

There is relatively little formal modeling of the economic effects of armed conflicts even though they have substantial economic effects. We set forth a new model, namely the armed conflict economic impact model – ACEI-Model. The model looks at the economic effects of war in three different stages: (i) pre-conflict stage; (ii) armed conflict stage; and (iii) post-conflict stage. The model is based on economic desgrowth (-δ) and other new conceptual indicators. We evaluate an imaginary armed conflict between China and Japan by applying the ACEI-Model.     

激光辐射方位的确定技术

介绍了确定来袭激光束方位的成像技术、时间延迟技术和屏蔽技术的基本原理和发展现状;分析了3种技术的优缺点;探讨了来袭激光方位确定技术的发展方向.     

Can Governments Negotiate With Insurgents? The Latin American Experience

In June 2016, the Colombian Government and the FARC insurgent movement signed a ceasefire agreement, which brings the two sides one step closer to putting an end to over five decades of war. Unfortunately, Latin America has a rich history of insurgent movements, particularly during the cold war era, some of which continue to operate today. Most of these movements disappeared due to military operations, though some did so via peace negotiations. This essay aims to discuss the various ends of Latin American insurgencies to answer whether, indeed, insurgents can be negotiated with.     

曲率分析的变分辨率数字高程模型建模算法

传统的数字高程模型一般采用规则网格划分以简化建模过程,因其网格密度缺乏对地形变化的自适应性而不能兼顾地形表达的准确度和地形数据的冗余度,导致其在车辆动力学仿真等领域的应用有所局限。针对这一问题提出一种基于曲率分析的随机节点分布建模方法,其数据节点的密度根据种子节点周围的局域曲面曲率变化而相应变化,实现了在复杂、曲率较大的地形区域自动生成高分辨率数字节点集,而在平缓、曲率较小的区域实现低分辨率的节点分布。在获得此种节点集的基础上,利用Delaunay三角剖分结合三次多项式插值算法,得到满足高精度和低数据冗余度的变分辨率数字高程模型。利用传统规则网格地形模型与所提出的变分辨率数字高程模型对同一个用于星球车动力学仿真的复杂野外地形进行对比,验证了变分辨率算法的有效性。     

基于不可信证据源与冲突重分配的证据合成方法

针对D-S证据理论在高冲突下失效的问题,在比较修正原始证据源和重新分配冲突两种方法的基础上,提出一种新的合成规则,新方法用可信度修正证据的同时,把全局冲突分为两部分,并依据"全局冲突在全局分配、局部冲突在局部分配"的原则对冲突进行细化分配。通过仿真分析,并与其他方法比较,新的合成方法能更好地融合冲突证据,收敛速度快,具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

基于多源冲突数据聚类的态势估计方法

传统调和式态势估计方法在面对多源冲突数据时融合效果不佳。为此,提出一种基于冲突数据聚类的非调和式态势估计方法。首先利用迭代自组织数据聚类方法(ISODATA)对多源冲突数据进行聚类,然后利用频度和可信度对数据簇的重要性进行评估,最后得到态势估计结果。仿真结果表明,与传统态势估计方法相比,所提方法在融合多源冲突数据时能够得到可信度较高的态势估计结果。     

The danger of “hybrid warfare” from a sophisticated adversary: the Russian “hybridity” in the Ukrainian conflict

The term “hybrid warfare” is a new one that the West began to use to explain its failure to cope with asymmetric threats. Focusing on the war on global terrorism, the West temporarily withdrew its attention from traditional adversaries, such as Russia, which has used this gap and has audaciously returned to the stage as a global actor. Until the Russian annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014 and inflaming the Ukrainian crisis, most Western authors attributed “hybrid threats” mostly to non-state actors. But the Ukrainian scenario showed the true face of “hybridity” in the modern battlefield when practised by a powerful state actor. Russian “hybrid warfare” in Ukraine has already been seen as a combination of conventional and unconventional methods, that have been complemented with other instruments of national power – diplomatic, economic and information. The purpose of this article is, through an analysis of the Ukrainian scenario, to demonstrate that although the term “hybrid” is new, the concept itself is old and is a continuation of already seen doctrine from the Cold War era. Although “hybrid threats” can come both from state and non-state actors, the Russian interference in Ukraine is proof that they are especially dangerous for the West if, or when, they are initiated from a traditional, sophisticated adversary that has the capacity to use all forms of warfare.